High altitude training can have both positive and negative effects on performance.
Levine (1992) suggests that acclimatization and hypoxic exercise may improve performance, while Chapman (2013) emphasizes the individual variability in response to altitude. Levine (2008) further explains that altitude can impact aerobic performance and sensorimotor skills, with the extent of restoration depending on the altitude. Turner et al. (2019) surveyed 39 olympic athletes and all reported a positive effect of high altitude training. Camps lasting 3-4 weeks were most reported as most effective.
References
Chapman (2013), „The individual response to training and competition at altitude“, British Journal of Sports Medicine 47(Suppl 1):i40-i44; DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092837
Levine (1992), „A practical approach to altitude training: where to live and train for optimal performance enhancement“, Int J Sports Med, Oct:13 Suppl 1:S209-12. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024642
Levine et al. (2008), „Effect of altitude on football performance“, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18, 76-84. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00835.x
Turner, G., Fudge, B. W., Pringle, J. S., Maxwell, N. S., & Richardson, A. J. (2019). Altitude training in endurance running: perceptions of elite athletes and support staff. Journal of sports sciences, 37(2), 163-172. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2018.1488383.
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